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Surface modification techniques play a pivotal role in enhancing the material properties essential for diverse industrial applications. By altering the surface characteristics of materials, these techniques can significantly improve properties such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, biocompatibility, and adhesion. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of various surface modification methods, their mechanisms, and their applications, aiming to equip readers with the necessary k …

In material science, the discovery of two-dimensional (2D) materials represents a transformative development, bridging scientific curiosity and technological breakthroughs. Characterized by their atomically thin structure, these materials unveil new possibilities in electronics, photonics, and energy storage, marking a pivotal moment in both research and application. The unique properties of 2D materials, such as remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and flexibility …

Graphene is a two-dimensional material with a honeycomb structure, renowned for its exceptional electrical, mechanical, and physical properties. Due to its flexibility, it is used as a transparent electrode in organic photovoltaic cells (OPV). Since 2008, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) has become one of the most significant methods for graphene production. CVD graphene offers substantial advantages over ITO in flexible electronic applications, particularly in terms of transparency, c …

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are one-dimensional allotropes of carbon atoms with sp2 hybridization prepared by rolling graphene sheets up to adopt a tubular morphology. In general, one, two or more rolls of graphene sheets are known as single- (SWCNTs), double- (DWCVTs) and multi-walled graphene nanotubes (MWCNTs), respectively.Technically, single-walled carbon nanotubes have found applications in various fields of science, technology, new-age nanoelectroic devices and ind …