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Introduction Carbon is a versatile element that occurs naturally in several allotropic forms, such as diamond and graphite. In 1985 a new member joined this family: fullerenes, hollow cage-like carbon molecules built entirely from pentagonal and hexagonal faces. Notable for their symmetric, soccer-ball-like architecture, these molecules opened a new field of research in chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology from the moment they were discovered. Today, fullerenes find applications acro …

The fullerenes are constituted by a network formed by 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons, closing the sphere. Each carbon of a fullerene is sp hybridized in the form of a sigma bond (simple bond) with three other carbon atoms, subtracting one electron from each carbon. The most important property of Fullerenes is its high symmetry. In this one, there are 120 symmetry operations, such as axis rotations or reflections in the plane. This makes the C60 molecule the most symmetrical molecule since it has t …