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Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are valuable graphene derivatives. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide show different chemical and structural properties due to the differences in their chemical compositions. IntroductionThe most prominent differences are observed in the electrical conductivity, hydrophilic behavior, mechanical strength, and dispersibility of these materials. Different properties of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are utilized in energy storag …

Gold nanostars, generally known to be multibranched gold nanoparticles, have emerged as a new class of nanoscale gold crystals with multiple sharp branches. Gold nanostars possess tunable plasmon bands in near infrared (NIR) region containing star-shaped morphology serving like lightning rods responsible for enhancing the local electromagnetic field. Gold nanostars have been drawing considerable attention mainly due to the unique optical properties with applications in various areas of sc …

Titanium carbide represents a transitional metal carbide with a melting point of about 3100°C, a hardness as much as 28 to 35 GPa (based on Vickers test) and the electrical conductivity as 450 GPa has a high chemical conductivity and high thermal shock resistance. Titanium carbide is originally an extremely hard refractory ceramic material looking like a black powder. Ti is also a wear and corrosion resistant inert and hard material. Titanium carbide occurs as a very rare mineral nat …

Graphene aerogels (GAs) are materials that combine the intriguing properties of graphene with the tunable 3-D nature of aerogel structure. The high surface area, porous structure, thermal and electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and chemical stability of GAs are widely utilized in energy storage applications and environmental protection processes.Graphene aerogels are novel structures that have recently attracted attention due to their excellent intrinsic properties.Introduc …

As a silvery-white rare-earth metal, gadolinium (Gd) is a slightly malleable ductile chemical element categorized among the lanthanides in the periodic table of elements with the atomic weight and number of 157 and 64, respectively. Gadolinium engages in a gradual oxidation reaction with atmospheric moisture and oxygen. The magnetic property of gadolinium is time-dependent with ferromagnetic behavior at temperatures below 20°C (Curie point) and paramagnetic behavior at temperatures ab …