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As a silvery white rare earth metal, erbium is an element from lanthanides group of the periodic table with the atomic mass of 167.2 u and the atomic number of 68. Erbium occurs naturally as salts or other chemicals and found mostly in a mineral called gadolinite and bound in monazite sand ores. The amount of erbium is almost very low on Earth crust as 2.8 mg/Kg and around 0.9 nanogram in one litter of sea water. However, this very low abundance ranks it the 45th among the most abundant el …

Tungsten disulfide with the molecular formula of WS2 is a super lubricant (zero friction) and a crystalline structure. Tungsten sulfide exhibits excellent tribological properties meaning it is wear-resistant, lubricant and has no friction. The tribological property of WS2 originates from its axial ratio with the numerical of at least 1.87 in order to adopt a low friction coefficient. Tungsten sulfide has six nonbonding electrons that for a positive charge network on its surface layer a …

Aluminum oxide is a compound composed of two aluminum atoms and three oxygens bonded together in a hexagonal close packed (hcp) crystal structure. The common name for the compound is alumina and it has found several applications in the industry due to its abundance and abrasiveness.What are Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Nanoparticles?These are nanosized spherical particles from an alumina bulk. Alumina nanoparticles can be obtained by several methods including, pyrolysis, sputtering, sol gel and the …

Lutetium is a silvery-white chemical element with atomic number 71. Its symbol is Lu and belongs to the group of transition metals and its usual state in nature is solid. Lutetium is located at position 71 of the periodic table. The chemical element Lutetium was discovered by George Urbain in 1907. Its name follows from the Latin Lutetia, which was the first name given to the city of Paris. In this article, you will discover the properties, occurrence, and applications of lutetium. Yo …

Ruthenium nanoparticles/nanopowder are easily reducible plate-like fine metallic particles that crystallize into a hexagonal compact structure. The anisotropic growth of ruthenium nanoparticles is possible in homogenous solutions due to the hexagonal structure that they adopt. Nevertheless, the majority of transition metals have a cubic crystalline structure and lack the anisotropic growth. Elemental ruthenium a rare silvery hard metal placed among the transition metals of platinum group. …