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Fullerene is an allotrope of carbon whose atoms are arranged in a closed cage of pentagonal and hexagonal rings, forming hollow spheres, tubes, or ellipsoids. The most famous fullerene is buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀), a molecule of sixty carbon atoms shaped like a soccer ball. Discovered in 1985 and recognized with the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, fullerenes expanded the known family of carbon allotropes beyond graphite and diamond and helped launch modern nanotechnology. This guide explains wh …

This is a field in which nanotechnological devices and tools are developed and applied to study a variety of biological phenomena. The use of nanotechnology allows researchers to examine and interact with biologicals and their processes at the Nano scale. Overview of NanobiotechnologyWhen did nanobiotechnology begin? Nanobiotechnology stemmed from biotechnology, where devices and machines from different disciplines like electronics, mechatronics and engineering are applied to the study of …

Gold is a rare precious metal known for as long as human history with a lot of applications in science, industry, jewelry, electronics, medicine and, etc. Elemental gold (Au) with the atomic number of 79 categorized in group 11 along with copper and silver. Gold occurs naturally as a soft reddish yellow transition metal resistant against strong acids, oxidization and corrosion with a melting point of 1064˚C. It is also resistant to most bases except for potassium cyanide.Gold compound …

Quantum dots (QDs) are generally fluorescent semiconductor nanoparticles sized less than 20 nm with each particle containing some 200 to 1000 atoms. Depending on a phenomenon called “quantum confinement” and their surface to volume ratio, quantum dots adopt particular electronic and optical properties. Vahid Javan KouzegaranAnalytical Chemist (Ph.D.) / Nanografi Nano TechnologyIntroductionQuantum dots structure is made of two main parts as a core which is protected by a shell. The …

Construction is one of the world's biggest industries, yet it has been one of the slower ones to adopt new technology. That is changing fast. By working with materials at the scale of a billionth of a meter (the nanoscale), engineers can now make familiar building materials like concrete, steel, glass, and coatings perform far better than before. The idea is simple even if the science is small: when you control how a material behaves at the level of individual particles, you can make it stronger …